The Differences Between Communism and Socialism

The difference between communism and socialism is not conveniently clear-cut. The two terms are often used interchangeably, but these economic and political theories are not the same. Both communism and socialism arose from protests against the exploitation of the working class during the Industrial Revolution. While applications of their economic and social policies vary, several modern countries—all ideologically opposed to capitalism—are perceived as either communist or socialist. In order to understand contemporary political debates, its important to know the similarities and the differences between communism and socialism. Communism vs. Socialism In both communism and socialism, the people own the factors of economic production. The main difference is that under communism, most property and economic resources are owned and controlled by the state (rather than individual citizens); by contrast, under socialism, all citizens share equally in all economic resources as allocated by a democratically-elected government. This difference and others are outlined in the table below. Communism vs. Socialism Attribute Communism Socialism Basic Philosophy From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. From each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution. Economy Planned By Central government Central government Ownership of Economic Resources All economic resources are publicly owned and controlled by the government. Individuals hold no personal property or assets. Individuals own personal property but all industrial and production capacity is communally owned and managed by a democratically elected government. Distribution of Economic Production Production is intended to meet all basic human needs and is distributed to the people at no charge. Production is intended to meet individual and societal needs and distributed according to individual ability and contribution. Class Distinction Class is abolished. The ability to earn more than other workers is almost nonexistent. Classes exist but differences are diminished. It is possible for some people to earn more than others. Religion Religion is effectively abolished. Freedom of religion is allowed. Key Similarities Communism and socialism both grew out of grass-roots opposition to the exploitation of workers by wealthy businesses during the Industrial Revolution. Both assume that all goods and services will be produced by government-controlled institutions or collective organizations rather than by privately-owned businesses. In addition, the central government is mainly responsible for all aspects of economic planning, including matters of supply and demand. Key Differences Under communism, the people are compensated or provided for based on their needs. In a pure communist society, the government provides most or all food, clothing, housing and other necessities based on what it considers the needs of the people. Socialism is based on the premise the people will be compensated based on the level of their individual contribution to the economy. Effort and innovation are thus rewarded under socialism. Pure Communism Definition Pure communism is an economic, political, and social system in which most or all property and resources are collectively owned by a class-free society rather than by individual citizens. According to the theory developed by German philosopher, economist, and political theorist Karl Marx in his classic 1848 book, â€Å"The Communist Manifesto,† pure communism results in a society in which all people are equal and there is no need for money or the accumulation of individual wealth. There is no private ownership of economic resources, with a central government controlling all facets of production. Economic output is distributed according to the needs of the people. Social friction between white and blue-collar workers and between rural and urban cultures will be eliminated, freeing each person to achieve his or her highest human potential. Under pure communism, the central government provides the people with all basic necessitates, such as food, housing, education, and medical care, thus allowing the people to share equally from the benefits of collective labor. Free access to these necessities depends on constant advances in technology contributing to ever-greater production. In 1875, Marx coined the phrase used to summarize communism, â€Å"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.† Pure Socialism Definition Pure socialism is an economic system under which each individual—through a democratically elected government—is given an equal share of the four factors or economic production: labor, entrepreneurship, capital goods, and natural resources. In essence, socialism is based on the assumption that all people naturally want to cooperate, but are restrained from doing so by the competitive nature of capitalism. Socialism is an economic system where everyone in society equally owns the factors of production. The ownership is acquired through a democratically elected government. It could also be a cooperative or public corporation in which everyone owns shares. Again, the four factors of production under socialism are labor, entrepreneurship, capital goods, and natural resources. As in a command economy, the socialist government employs centralize planning to allocate resources based on both the needs of individuals and society as a whole. Economic output is distributed according to each individual’s ability and level of contribution. In 1980, American author and sociologist Gregory Paul paid homage to Marx in coining the phrase commonly used to describe socialism, â€Å"From each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution.†Ã‚   What Is a Socialist Democracy? Democratic socialism is an economic, social, and political ideology holding that while both the society and economy should be run democratically, they should be dedicated to meeting the needs of the people as a whole, rather than encouraging individual prosperity as in capitalism. Democratic socialists advocate the transition of society from capitalism to socialism through existing participatory democratic processes, rather than revolution as characterized by orthodox Marxism. Universally-used services, such as housing, utilities, mass transit, and health care are distributed by the government, while consumer goods are distributed by a capitalistic free market.   The latter half of the 20th century saw the emergence of a more moderate version of socialist democracy advocating a mixture of socialist and capitalist control of all means of economic production supplemented by extensive social welfare programs to help provide the basic needs of the people. What Is Green Socialism? As a recent outgrowth of the environmental movement and the climate change debate, green socialism or â€Å"eco-socialism† places its economic emphasis on the maintenance and utilization of natural resources. This is achieved largely through government ownership of the largest, most resource consumptive corporations. The use of â€Å"green† resources, such as renewable energy, public transit, and locally sourced food is emphasized or mandated. Economic production focuses on meeting the basic needs of the people, rather than a wasteful excess of unneeded consumer goods. Green socialism often offers a guaranteed minimum livable income to all citizens regardless of their employment status. Communist Countries It is difficult to classify countries as being either communist or socialist. Several countries, while ruled by the Communist Party, declare themselves to be socialist states and employ many aspects of socialist economic and social policy. Three countries typically considered communist states—mainly due to their political structure—are Cuba, China, and North Korea. China The Communist Party of China owns and strictly controls all industry, which operates solely to generate profits for the government through its successful and growing export of consumer goods. Health care and primary through higher education are run by the government and provided free of charge to the people. However, housing and property development operate under a highly competitive capitalist system. Cuba   The Communist Party of Cuba owns and operates most industries, and most of the people work for the state. Government-controlled health care and primary through higher education are provided free. Housing is either free or heavily subsidized by the government. North Korea Ruled by the Communist Party until 1946, North Korea now operates under a â€Å"Socialist Constitution of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea.† However, the government owns and controls all farmland, workers, and food distribution channels. Today, the government provides universal health and education for all citizens. Private ownership of property is forbidden. Instead, the government grants people the right to government-owned and assigned homes. Socialist Countries Once again, most modern countries that identify themselves to be socialist may not strictly follow the economic or social systems associated with pure socialism. Instead, most countries generally considered socialist actually employ the policies of democratic socialism. Norway, Sweden, and Denmark all employ similar predominantly socialist systems. The democratically chosen governments of all three countries provide free health care, education, and lifetime retirement income. As a result, however, their citizens pay some of the world’s highest taxes. All three countries also have highly successful capitalist sectors. With most of their needs provided by their governments, the people see little need to accumulate wealth. As a result, about 10% of the people hold more than 65 percent of each nation’s wealth. Sources and Further Reference Engels, Frederick (1847). Principles of Communism.†Bukharin, Nikoli. (1920). The ABCs of Communism.†Lenin, Vladimir (1917). The State and Revolution Chapter 5, Section 3.The Difference Between Communism and Socialism. Investopedia (2018).Marx, Karl (1875). The Critique of the Gotha Programme (From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs)Paul, Gregory and Stuart, Robert C. Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century. Cengage Learning (1980). ISBN: 9780618261819.Heilbroner, Robert. Socialism. Library of Economics and Liberty. Kallie Szczepanski  contributed to this article.

`` My Dream `` By Brittany Maynard - 1655 Words

â€Å"My dream is that every terminally ill American has access to the choice to die on their own terms with dignity. Please take an active role to make this a reality† (qtd â€Å"Brittany Maynard Fund†). Brittany Maynard Diaz, a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Glioblastoma and only given six months to live, turned her tragedy into a legacy when she chose to die with dignity. She became an advocate for the â€Å"Compassion and Choices End of Life Consultation or EOLC† program by sharing her story and decision with everyone in America in an effort to help give everyone in her situation the same options. She believed in dying with dignity for the same basic reasons that many others do; constitutionally speaking, it is within everyone’s individual rights, it is an established medical practice used all over the world, and no one should be forced to suffer needlessly. After researching her diagnosed form of cancer and discussing her options with her f amily, any type of treatment given would only destroy the quality of life during the time she had left to live. What would you do? Imagine going to the doctor after numerous, severe headaches. The doctor performs a CT scan that reveals a rapidly growing brain tumor. The doctor breaks down the information, reveals that the tumor is a rare form of cancer, and is inoperable. Unfortunately, the doctor also relays the life expectancy with a cancer this rare and aggressive; a few months at best and those short months will become increasinglyShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide1755 Words   |  8 Pagesstate of mind (Ball). In October of 2014 the story of the 29 year-old, Brittany Maynard, a Californian woman that was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer. She had to move to Oregon to have her wish of dying with dignity granted. Her story caught the attention on many. All with one six minute video asking for her wright to die with dignity. After many unsuccessful surgeries for the removal of the tumor, Brittany considered going to a hospice for treatment, however because of her youngRead MoreHealth Care That Bring About Debate1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthat play a role in how we think about any important aspect of life. In 2014 the world was introduced to Brittnay Maynard, she made national headlines in the fight for Dying with Dignity. She had learned on New Year’s Day that she had an incurable brain cancer. She wanted to live, wanted to fight, she had just gotten married and wanted to start a family. Brittnay had hopes, goals and dreams. Her life was turned upside down in a matter of days. Their lives evolved into multiple hospital stays, consultationsRead MoreLegalization Of Euthanasia Dying With Dignity1883 Words   |  8 Pagesis divine and that no one has the right to ask for a death wish. Some cases like that of 29 year old Brittany Maynard s oppose that view. Maynard was diagnosed with glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer. She claims that â€Å"cancer was eating her brain† her inability to speak properly, headaches and seizures were causing pain that was unbearable. There were also moments where Maynard claimed â€Å"she was looking at her husband s face and cou ld not think of his name.†Life may be a divine flameRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide2123 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"You have a terminal illness.† These words are a death sentence and can completely turn a person’s life upside down. All hopes and dreams for the future are lost in a single second; all that remains is death staring straight into your face and from that moment on, the process of preparing for one’s death begins. Some individuals with terminal illnesses find solace in knowing that they can exert some power over their illnesses and choose how they want to die. Just as any individual has the legal

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrology

Astronomy and astrology are two distinct subjects: one is a science, and one is a parlor game. However, the two topics are frequently confused. Astronomy, as well as the related field of astrophysics, covers the science of stargazing and the physics that explains how stars and galaxies work. Astrology is a non-scientific practice that draws connections between star positions to make predictions about the future. The work of ancient astrologers formed the basis for the star and navigational charts used by the ancients, as well as some of the constellations we know today. However, there is no scientific basis in todays practice of astrology. Key Takeaways: Astronomy vs. Astrology Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and galaxies, and their motions.Astrophysics uses principles and laws of physics to explain how stars, planets, and galaxies form and function. Astrology is a non-scientific form of entertainment that draws connections between human behavior and the alignment of the stars and planets. Astronomy and Astrophysics The difference between astronomy (literally law of the stars in Greek) and astrophysics (derived from the words Greek words for star and physics) comes from what the two disciplines are trying to accomplish. In both cases, the goal is to understand how objects in the universe function.   Astronomy describes the motions and origins of the heavenly bodies (stars, planets, galaxies, etc.). It also refers to the subject that you study when you want to learn about those objects and become an astronomer.  Astronomers study the light emanating or reflected from distant objects.   in astronomy, the bright star Alpha Centauri and its surrounding stars are studied by both astronomers and in astrophysics in order to understand their characteristics. . This is a main sequence star, just as the Sun is. NASA/DSS Astrophysics is literally the physics of the many different types of stars, galaxies, and nebulae. It applies the principles of physics to describe the processes involved in the creation of the stars and galaxies, as well as learning what drives their evolutionary changes. Astronomy and astrophysics are definitely interrelated but are clearly trying to answer different questions about the objects they study. Think of astronomy as saying, Heres what all these objects are and astrophysics as describing heres how all these objects work.   Astrophysics tells scientists about how stars, such as the Sun, work. Astrophysicists may also study how the solar wind interacts with the planets, as shown here. NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center Despite their differences, the two terms have become somewhat synonymous in recent years. Most astronomers receive the same training as astrophysicists, including the completion of a graduate program in physics (although there are many very good pure astronomy programs being offered). Others begin in mathematics and gravitate to astrophysics in graduate school. Much of the work done in the field of astronomy requires the application of astrophysical principles and theories. So while there are differences in definitions of the two terms, in application it is difficult to distinguish between them. When someone studies astronomy in high school or college, they first learn purely astronomy topics: motions of celestial objects, their distances, and their classifications. A deeper study of how they work requires physics and eventually astrophysics. Astrology Astrology (literally star study in Greek) is largely regarded as a pseudoscience. It does not study the physical characteristics of stars, planets, and galaxies. It is not concerned with applying principles of physics to the objects it uses, and it has no physical laws that help explain its findings. In fact, theres very little science in astrology. Its practitioners, called astrologers, simply use the positions of stars and planets and the Sun, as seen from Earth, to predict  people’s individual characteristics, affairs and future. Its largely akin to fortune-telling, but with a scientific gloss to give it some kind of legitimacy. In truth, theres no way to use stars and planets to tell anything about a give persons life or loves. Its all very imaginary and fanciful, but some people do derive a lot of satisfaction from fiddling with it. The Ancient Role Astrology Played in Astronomy While astrology has no scientific basis, it did play a preliminary role in the development of astronomy. This is because early astrologers were also systematic stargazers who charted the positions and motions of celestial objects. Those charts and motions are of great interest when it comes to understanding how stars and planets move through space. Astrology diverges from astronomy when astrologers attempt to use their knowledge of the sky to predict future happenings in peoples lives. In ancient times, they did this mostly for political and religious reasons. If an astrologer could predict some wonderful thing for his or her patron or king or queen, they might get to eat again. Or get a nice house. Or score some gold.   The IAU constellation designation for Pisces includes the main pattern plus numerous other stars. The early astrologers used the green outline of the stars as a way to divide the sky up into houses, through which the planets would wander. Pisces is a Zodiac constellation, meaning a region of the sky that the Sun and planets appear to wander through. To astrologers, where a planet or the Sun was on the day of a persons birth had some meaning. But, today, there is NO measurable link between those objects and the person being born. IAU/Sky Telescope   Astrology diverged from astronomy as a scientific practice during the years of the Enlightenment in the Eighteenth Century, when scientific studies became more rigorous. It became clear to scientists of that time (and ever since then) that no physical forces could be measured emanating from stars or planets that could account for the claims of astrology. In other words, the position of the Sun, Moon and planets at a persons birth have no effect on that persons future or personality. In fact, the effect of the doctor assisting with the birth is stronger than any distant planet or star.   Most people today know that astrology is little more than a parlor game. Except for astrologers who make money off of their art, educated people know that the so-called mystical effects of astrology have no actual scientific basis, and have never been detected by astronomers and astrophysicists. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Potential career choices Example

Essays on Potential career choices Essay Career Choices Introduction Career choice is a vital step in a person’s life. This is the step that needs the chooser to keep in mind some very essential aspects of his life (Bingham,  Stryker  Ã‚  Bignham  37). These aspects may include; concern to the future, concern to the present, inborn skills and qualities, respect of the profession or career and many more (Lore 126). Careers I am Interested in The first and my favorite career choice is the Chartered Accountancy (CA). The choice I made is due to the vast scope and a respectful name of the profession. A chartered accountant is a person who is a master in any of the four fields; Auditing, Taxation, Corporate laws and Consultancy services. Another career choice that attracts me is the MBBS which stands for Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (in Latin words) while it is called Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in English. Research and salary packages of the careers It is mentioned above; Chartered Accountancy is perfection in one of the aforesaid four subjects/fields. Choosing Audit from these four fields give the choice maker an opportunity to become an internal auditor of well-reputed organizations as well as an external auditor of various other organizations. Services of external auditor are performed by the CA firms registered with the relevant authorities. Similarly Chartered Accountants in the field of taxation have the opportunity to seek attractive post in the revenue authorities of a country. Corporate laws experienced CAs are experts in all the rules and regulations related to the Companies Ordinances and Acts of respective countries. The salary packages of Chartered Accountants vary with the countries lived in and the industry structure of those countries. For example, the average annual salary package for a Chartered Accountant is almost 58,000 USDs. Working conditions for a Chartered Accountant are generally good as he has to work indoors with not much long hours but the stress is always felt by him as he has the responsibility to make very important decisions all the time. My other career choice, MBBS, is abbreviated in several different ways. It is the combination of two different undergraduate first professional degrees. These degrees are awarded together to a student who graduates from a  medical school  in  surgery  and  medicine. The person qualifying MBBS becomes a doctor and then a specialist in a particular field with further respective courses. MBBS is a very respectful profession as a hardworking and patient-loving doctor is sometimes called as the life giver. Being a human, a doctor always needs to be ready for emergencies even if he is off-duty hence people around the whole world respects a doctor from the depth of their heart. Since MBBS is a wide range of different courses, therefore the salaries of MBBS doctors from different fields differ from each other. However, an MBBS doctor’s salary ranges from 3031.6-25,305 USDs. Work conditions for a doctor are quite stressful as he may have to work in nights and on weekends in case there is an emergency. Career Requirements and work conditions Becoming a Chartered Accountant from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) first requires a person to pass AFC level and then MFC level from the exams commenced by ICAP. After passing these two levels, the person is required by ICAP to spend 3.5 years as a trainee student at any registered firm. This duration of three years is known as Articleship and at the same time the student is required to pass the other two modular exams (i.e., Module-E and Module-F). As soon as the student does both these, he is awarded with a certificate of Chartered Accountancy by the ICAP. Entry requirements for qualifying MBBS may vary between the course applied for and medical school. It is therefore important for the applicants to be aware of all the requirements of the institute from where they want to qualify MBBS. Most of the medical schools oblige candidates to have A levels in chemistry, while some may agree upon AS level in chemistry, contingent upon the other certificates being offered. Some also require A level in biology. 2. The Future In my future, I see myself in the following manner: Living Working Lifestyle 3-5 years Living in hostels and hired flats with my friends for the sake of study environment. Working nowhere as I would just be a student in the said period. My lifestyle during the said period will be quite simple and focus will be paid to my studies. 5-15 years Living with my own family after seeking a job fair enough to keep my family with me. Working with a firm as a trainee or a complete chattered accountant. A little luxurious, roaming around with friends but also some time for studies. 15-30 years With the whole family. Working in a well-reputable multinational company as a financial analyst or financial advisor A perfectly luxurious life due to high salary and attractive salary packages. d. Yes, my career ideas completely support my lifestyle desires because a chartered accountant can spend his life as good as can be wished for. With high salary packages and jobs of my own wish, it is quite possible for me to acquire and achieve what I want from my life. 3. Goals of my life Financial Career Lifestyle 1-5 years My financial goal for the coming 1-5 years would be to have a salary good enough to be independent of my family and earn for my educational expenses. Career objective for the next 1-5 years would be to qualify CA-inter at least so that I become able to join a CA firm for my articleships. A simple student life for the next 1-5 years spending it with my colleagues. 5-10 years To be financially strong enough to support my family for the basic necessities of life. I would like to see myself a qualified Chartered Accountant in the coming 5-10 years. Again a simple life but with a little joy of being with my family. 10-70 years Be very strong financially to have every desire fulfilled. Be a CFO of a well-known company and make progress by hard work and achieving desired goals. A well balanced and luxurious life with friends and family. Work Cited Bingham M  ,  Stryker S  Ã‚  Bignham M.  Career Choices: A Guide for Teens and Young Adults : Who Am I What Do I Want How Do I Get It (Revised edition). Academic Innovations, 1990. Print. Lore N. The Pathfinder: How to Choose or Change Your Career for a Lifetime of Satisfaction and Success (Revised edition). Touchstone, 2012. Print.

Fast Food Has Been Around Since Before 1950 And Has Only

Fast food has been around since before 1950 and has only grown in popularity since. One of the first and now most popular fast food restaurant is McDonalds. Opened by the McDonald brothers in 1948 as a small restaurant chain in California was soon transformed by Ray Kroc into the corporation many Americans know today as McDonald s. After the opening and growth of McDonald s, many other restaurants began to follow the same system as them. This resulted in Wendy s, Burger King, the growth of White Castle, and many other very popular fast food establishments all over the United States. Fast food chains easy access to fast, good, and easy food has fueled the growth in these places and the negative health results that come from them. Since†¦show more content†¦The process of creating trans fat originated from the 1890s in France when chemist Paul Sabatier discovered that metal catalysts could precipitate hydrogenic reactions. This led to German chemist Wilhelm Normanns’ 19 01 experimentation with hydrogenation catalysts that successfully led to the hydrogenation of liquid fat which produced semi solid fat that is now known as trans-fat. This process was adopted by many food manufacturers because of its ability to stabilize the shelf life of products it is in. With the production and use of trans fat comes some serious health risks. In the 1950s it was found that there is a clear connection between the intake of saturated fats and heart disease. After this was found there was some opposing studies that proved fats were healthy. By the 1980s it was established that a high intake of saturated fat led to a higher risk for heart problems. Because of this trans fats were used to replace saturated fats, but it was later found that trans fat held a higher risk for heart problems than saturated fats did (â€Å"Trans Fat†). Once people discovered this, a demand for healthy alternatives began and is still prevalent today. Some fast food chains have begun to switch some of their ingredients to be healthier and please more customers. A few that have already changed to 100% fresh beef are Wendy’s, Five Guys, Smashburger, Whataburger, In-N-Out, Shake Shack, Culver’s, and recently joining them isShow MoreRelatedFast Food Never Forgives?1743 Words   |  7 PagesFast Food Never Forgives Throughout the 20th century, the United States grew to be a superpower. They won two world wars, overcame racial persecution, and spread capitalism around the world. Paralleling this success, fast food expanded exponentially and grew to control our nation. Today, the United States develops and evolves at the will of the fast food industry as it has grown to dominate the most powerful country on earth. From practically hiring children to caring about profit margins more thanRead MoreAmerica Is The Richest Country988 Words   |  4 PagesWhy it is that America is the richest country in the world but have one of the worst diets and eating habits out of them all? Americans has turned away from their old traditional way of cooking and eating. In the past, Americans cooked almost all of their food at home and ate at a dinner table. Before, there was fast food or processed food American women stayed at home all day cooking dinner for their family; they also enjoyed cooking it was one of th eir favorite chore. Now, that there are more womenRead MoreFast Food Is Responsible For The Biggest Legacy Of Food Industry997 Words   |  4 PagesGolden Arches Fast food is the term given to food that is prepared and served very quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. The â€Å"fast food† term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. Once you take your first bite you only find yourself coming back for more. Fast food is responsible for the biggest legacy in food industry, plays the biggest role in our economyRead MoreKeeping It Fresh : The Boom855 Words   |  4 PagesKeeping it Fresh The 1950s is known as the â€Å"booming era†. A lot of things were booming in the 1950s. There was the height of the famous baby boom which was named from the roughly 77 million babies born between 1946 and 1964(The 1950s). Another boom was in the television industry, even though televisions had been around for 20 years or so, televisions were now in ninety percent of homes in America by the 50s(Culture). Advertisements also began to boom as they started to target the younger generationRead MoreFast Food Chains And Customer Satisfaction Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesare many fast food chains operating around the world today. They are operating in the same competitive environment. Fast food chains have been competing with each other since the 1950s. Competitors in the fast food industry compete with each other on key attributes like price, service quality, access, product selection, innovation and customer satisfaction. Fast food chains around the world frequently engage in price wars. They lower their prices in order to gain more market share. Fast food chainsRead MoreMcDonalds: An American Icon Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesof the fast food companies have forever cemented themselves into the American culture and they are fully aware of that fact. Written on a McDonald’s paper tray liner is their statement to this knowledge; â€Å"I think about great memories from my past. Road Trips, friends, study breaks and lots of laughs. Anytime nostalgia sets in, I know it’s not too long before I’ll be going to McDonald’s for a Big Mac. Someday in the future, when I’m looking back at today, McDonald’s will still be there.† Since our futureRead MoreThe Disastrous Effects of Human Invention Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisms of Earth. From food scraps to plastics to carbon dioxide, we have polluted this planet to its limit. The existence of the human race has turned our home into a giant landfill. Of the many pollutants we put into the environment, one type stands out: plastics. Plastic was created to be a convenient and cheap material for domestic use, but it has caused many problems like the deaths of animals and the contamination of soil and water. One specific type of plastic that has affected the communityRead MoreWomen Are Not Born But Made1415 Words   |  6 Pagesworks. There have been innumerable debates about gender in (Banerjee 2012) Punjab over last 60 years. Most of them were about women’s positions in society, their education, health, economic status, gender equality. What we can conclude from these discussions is that how women have always held a certain contradictory position in our developing country in past years. In recent years women held a very less respectful position . they were not treated as human.On other hand, Punjab has an increased percentageRead More Global Warming is False Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesA Flawed Opinion Whenever someone thinks of CO2, they think of global warming. They are reminded of Al Gore and his stance on global warming and they automatically think it is true. He has a lot of evidence to back up his theory about how global warming exists and that it is the reason animals are going extinct and also why the climate is changing. Well these facts are wrong and there is evidence to prove it. Global warming is not real and the Earth might even be in a cooling period. There soRead MoreTqm in Foodservice1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction One of the most important industries overall is the food industry. The food industry consists of everything from food processing plants to fast food restaurants. The food industry affects nearly every living person. Most people don t realize how important this industry is and how it affects their everyday lives. That is why it is so critical that the products of this industry are at their highest quality, are free of bacteria and ensure that the consumer will not face any

Knock Against My Heart Essay Example For Students

Knock Against My Heart Essay This hour-long play, written by Oladipo Agboluaje and developed by Theatre Centre in collaboration with the highly acclaimed Brazilian theatre company Nos de Morro, is set in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro is the base for this company, so the play was partly spoken in Portuguese with English translation. Having been told this beforehand, I expected it to be mainly in English but with Shakespearian language as the writer made known that play storyline was drawn form The Tempest. The Unicorn Theatre isnt a very big theatre in terms of size and mainly aims their plays at a younger audience so I thought the storyline would be simple to understand with likable characters and audience interaction. With inspiration from Shakespeares play The Tempest, Knock Against My Heart focuses on many poignant issues such as betrayal, passion, revenge and just. It also explores power, freedom and manipulation. It tells the story of a dominant father, Prospero who is hungry for power of the lands irrigation system but is also father to the innocent Miranda. The mysterious Caliban, who controls the towns water source, is battling with Prospero for freedom of himself and his people, yet successfully seduces Miranda, much to her fathers dislike. Meanwhile Prosperos brother, Antonio provides comical entertainment with a secret motive. The performance used symbolism as its performance technique with each character having a type of animal to represent it. Symbolism was also extended to the set- design and props in the play with props acting as more than one item. Multi-rolling was touched but not used in depth and depended on throughout the play, making the cast very small, made up of four actors and actresses. The main characters of Knock Against My Heart were William De Paula who played Caliban, Mariana Whitehouse who performed as Miranda, Dani Machancoses who took the part of Antonio and Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Santinho who played Prospero. Multi-rolling also took place by Machancoses and Santinho who played plumbers. The change in character was shown by them taking off their hat and coats and placing a bandana around their head. William De Paula gave a strong, continuous performance as Caliban throughout the play, with his mysterious and animalistic mannerisms. At the beginning of the play, De Paula comes out from behind the favelas slowly, with his arms reaching up, peering over and perches on top of the mountain. This makes us feel as though he has a sense of control over the city and watches over them yet it also it makes us feel as though he is guarding and protecting them. We then see him open up from this controlling character into a passionate and confident singer. He does this by picking up a stick instrument and singing a song. Although the song is sang in Portuguese, De Paula sings it with such passion and emotion we can tell it is not a happy, upbeat song. I liked the way that he didnt smile during the song; he just looked into the audiences eyes seriously which put us into the right mood for the rest of the performance. When Prospero, Miranda and Antonio enter Calibans party, we can sense a tense atmosphere by the way the actors expressed their facial expressions. De Paulas face dropped when he saw Prospero but boldly walked across the room with his chest high and his head upwards as to appear not to be afraid. After talking to Prospero his actions and mannerisms changed as he talked to Miranda. He behaved gentler with his movements less harsh and brash. In general, when around Miranda, he acts more intimate by standing closer to her and carrying her around. When he dances with her at the party, he smiles a lot which shows a different side to him. Although he seems nice and gentle we can see that he can influence and manipulate Miranda by his actions but more importantly his facial response to the consequences. For example, when he turns her into a dove for the first time and shes quite awkward when walking/flying, De Paula does not try to help her, just stands there smiling. He also persuades her to change the flower in her hair, from her Dad, to one from him. He does this by comforting her with a calm tone and making her feel special by giving all his attention and eye focus to her. .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .postImageUrl , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:hover , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:visited , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:active { border:0!important; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:active , .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u55e9ffe64a270b9850ed4166cbdcd85a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A doll house theme EssayI especially liked De Paulas movement across the stage when travelling to and from Mirandas house. He would crouch low, hunch his back and move fast. This gave us the impression that he was an animal, a panther to be specific, so more symbolism was used here. Most of these journeys took place in the night so this suggested that he was sneaking around trying to be quiet. This suggests that he is cunning because he tries so hard to be quiet and not to wake Prospero and Antonio. Panthers do these actions when preparing to attack their prey. By De Paula copying this, he made the audience feel as though he was spying on Miranda, as if she were his prey. Other actions, such as back flips, forward rolls and leaping across the stage, also contributing in creating the panther side to Caliban. I like the way in which De Paulas emotion during the play was very varied. He changed from to another clearly and effectively by his change of facial expressions and change in gestures and movements. When Caliban was content, he would smile and move quite slow and gently. His tone of voice was calmer and he didnt use his hands to enhance what he was saying and his emotion. I liked the continual way Caliban would point his finger at Prospero and raise his voice. This let the audience know that he was angry and frustrated with Prospero and wanted his attention. His voice change told us that Caliban had a short temper and made us fearful of him when he came up close to the audience. When angry he made his movements brasher and sudden which made the audience more jumpy. Fighting and stage combat was another technique used by De Paula to vent his emotion towards the end of the production. Caliban fought Prospero twice and their scenes consisted of leaping at one another, punching and quick dodges. I thought that the punches thrown by De Paula werent very realistic as you could see that they posed. They were also thrown quite slowly which wasnt very realistic. I think that this scene should have been performed at a faster pace in order to keep the audiences attention and the realism of the play. One good thing about his performance during this scene though was the fact that he behaved like a panther again. This showed us that he changes to a panther when he changes emotion; happy to angry.

Innovation and Business Development

Question: The objective of the business case report is to develop your ability to convincingly argue a business case, which is a key function of business development. Identify for whom and/or for which organisation you will be writing the business case document. (For instance, you might be pitching to an investor or the management of a firm, such as the management team at a group member's. Answer: Problematic Issue Due to the expansion of client base, the consulting organisation has transformed towards a de-centralized style of business model and it has been following this model last two years. The main objective here is to support more and more number of clients in different locations. But the problematic issue came to the surface in the form of workforce administration related difficulties (Lasagni, 2012). Reasons Of Effective Innovation As of now, all the internal requirements of the company have been done with the help of legacy mainframe systems, those requirements are- , resource management, payroll activities, and reporting (Ngo O'Cass, 2013). However, with the expansion of workforce, it has been seen that the legacy mainframe systems continued to be inadequate in terms of effective management of the administrative activities. Higher costs along with higher employee turnover manifest the inadequacy over last year. Therefore, web-based application is the possible solution here which the figureheads and the stakeholders think as the most effective solutions to reduce costs, improvement of employee turnover and effective administration management (Kilelu, Klerkx Leeuwis, 2013). The roles and responsibilities of the employees are quite confusing now when it comes to manage the administrative issues, access towards the timesheets in a secured way, disoriented style of administration with diverse platforms are the k ey problematic issues here. So, innovation is necessary here while formulating the business case report (Lasagni, 2012). Anticipated Outcomes In Terms Of Innovation With the implementation of innovative approaches, Smith Consulting Services is trying to move towards a more effective centralized style of web-based administrative platform. The key anticipated outcomes of this WP project are- Proper management of the employee payroll systems and consolidated manner of administrative functions Technology migration so that reduction of overhead costs will be possible which is associated with the large workforce while dealing with different tasks in different locations. More autonomy in case of decentralized employees so that proper management of training, administrative tasks, payroll elections, reporting etc can be done. Accurate and timely financial reporting thanks to the continuous updating of the financial metrics by the regional managers. Real time access will help in error reduction, improvement of the cycle time as well and all the authorized users can readily access it. Recommendation Several options as well as alternatives of innovation should be analyzed so that the most excellent approach of leveraging technology for business development can be determined. Here, special consideration should be given towards the corporate objectives of Smith Consulting so that the innovation and business development will be perfectly meet those objectives based on costs reduction, capitalizing on technology and organizational efficiency (Gaziulusoy, Boyle McDowall, 2013). The company also should make sure that the web-based platform is perfectly compatible with the existing IT systems and implement the innovation strategies formulated by the company. Justification By The Consideration Of Business Models The innovation strategy of Smith Consulting is based on the justification points related to the administrative functions as well as migration of payroll with the help of web-based platform that will result into greater level of efficiency. It is quite justified looking at the effective management of business processes along with resources. This WP project is completely aligned with the organisational objectives, innovation goals and corporate strategies. The initial estimates of the project reflect the justification here those are given underneath (Carlisle et al., 2013). During the first operational year, the overhead costs will reduce up to 15%. Employee turnover will decrease to 10% Generation of monthly as well as weekly financial reports will take 50% less time Resolving payroll issues will take 25% of lesser time than before Business Case Document The Problematic Issue The mainframe system has been utilized by Smith Consulting so that payroll management along with different administrative employee functions management can be effectively done. However, with the growing number of employees and excessive burden in different headquarters, the effective management of administration is not possible anymore. Reporting is also a problematic area and the financial reports are being generated manually which is quite time taking and full of error (Baden Haefliger, 2013). Benefits The employees can enter as well as edit the timesheet data whenever they have time and it is accessible from any location. With this approach, they wont have to phone the regional managers so that entry can be made in the mainframe system. For reporting as well as quality control purposes, immediate access of the timesheet as well as payroll data is necessary and it is the most beneficial point of this innovation approach (Bagautdinova et al., 2014). With this, they dont have to gather, then analyze and then compile the information while dealing with non-billable positions. They can also register for the purpose of training and it will enhance the abilities of managers along with the training staffs to lessen some of the burden. Strategic Plan The strategic plan of this project involves team work for which the employees have to think beyond the convention business models proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur known as Business Model Canvas (Carlisle et al., 2013). Here, the employees have to work as a team and go beyond the nine fundamental blocks- known as customer segments, key activities, cost structure, value proposition, customer relationships, key resources, core partnerships, channels, revenue streams along with cost structure. Rather, the structuring, management and consolidating of the processes here involve the business strategy and innovation model of D.J. Teece which evaluates the modern business models so that existing state related to business ecosystem can be assessed against those innovation models (Arlbjrn Paulraj, 2013). Project Options Analysis Here, option identification, feasibility analysis, option selection are the main steps of analytical study followed by Smith Consulting. Current demand of a web-based platform to administrative management is quite necessary and the intranet facility with the IT section of the company show the demand analysis and available technology examination. There will be certain level of impacts on the roles and responsibilities of the employees due to the implementation of the WP project (Davenport, 2013). Delivery of Recommended Solutions It covers the project assumptions and project constraints, as these points have to be resolved by the capable employees of Smith Consulting. With the development of the project innovation, the employees should be trained properly about data entry, reporting tasks along with time sheets while handling the web-based system (Ngo O'Cass, 2013). Funding should be available all the time for effective training management, purchasing of software as well as hardware. For the completion of this particular innovation management, the department heads will play major roles. On the other hand, there are certain constraints that might come in the way of this WP innovation project. In the company, limited resources are available so supporting the innovation will be really difficult (Paasi et al., 2012). The limited COTS otherwise known as commercial off the shelf product is another constraint here. Business Case Analysis Team Role Description Name/Title Executive Sponsor Executive support for the WP project John Doe, Vice President Operations Technology Support Provides technology-based support Jane Smith, Vice President Information Technology Process Improvement Advises the employees and the teams about process improvement techniques Jim Jones, Process Team Lead Project Manager Manages the project team as well as business case Steve Smith, Project Manager Software Support Provides diverse sort of software support Amy White, Software Group Lead Project Charter Project charter of this innovation project in Smith Consulting Services cant be done without considering the organizational impact and five core phases that are the milestones of the strategic innovation. Phase-1 At first, purchasing of hardware and software will be done and afterwards creation of WP system as per the web-based environment will be followed and then tested with the help of IT development group (Carlisle et al., 2013). Phase-2 The IT group of the company will have to establish a temporary legacy platform so that the day-to-day operations related to administration activities as well as payroll can be done in the technology lab. It will be later utilized as a back-up system for archiving the data. Phase-3 The platform will be filled with the administrative data as well as present payroll information. This has to be done alongside with each of the pay cycle. Phase-4 Training will be given to all the employees so that they will get acquainted with this new innovation strategy and business development approach. Phase-5 Activation of the web-based platform along with archiving of the legacy mainframe system Role and responsibility factors With the implementation of this innovation strategy into the main framework of Smith Consulting, the WP project will allow better level of autonomy in case of employees and with the new D.J. Tecee innovation model, burden of the managers will get reduced. By reducing the non-billable overhead places in case of the organizational structure, the bottom line responsibilities can be shaped as the ground level workers in the chain of command can add a lot to the administrative and payroll innovation management in terms of web-based technology (Bagautdinova et al., 2014). With this approach, the roles and responsibilities of the employees will not get changed to a considerable level especially in case of the IT staffing requirements. Milestones/Deliverables Target Date Project Charter 01/01/2017 Project Plan Review 03/01/2017 Project Kickoff 03/10/2017 Phase-1 Complete 04/15/2017 Phase-2 Complete 06/15/2017 Phase-3 Complete 08/15/2017 Phase-4 Complete 10/15/2017 Phase-5 Complete 12/15/2017 Project Completion 12/31/2017 Business Goal/Objective Description Accurate reporting in time Web based technology and tools will allow the perfect and real-time reporting related to the different payroll as well as administrative metrics Improvement of the staff efficiency Fewer Human Resource personnel along with payroll staff will be needed for the management of the activities that can improve organizational efficiency Reduction of employee turnover Greater autonomy as well as flexibility will help to address the employee concerns while allowing the managers to concentrate on the billable tasks Reduction of overhead costs Fewer members will be required by which reduction of company overhead costs will be possible Key Processes and Resources Performance Measure Reporting Reduction of reporting discrepancies like- duplication as well as gaps by the web-based system. It requires reconciliation in each six months rather than monthly reconciliation. Timesheet Elimination of non-billable working of the managers that allows employees for direct data entry. Software along with System Maintenance Decreasing the staff requirements and cost because of system maintenance will be reduced each month up to next six months after the implementation of the new system. Staff Resources Elimination of at least five HR positions as well as reduction of payroll that are unnecessary due to the automated functions. Strategic Alignment The innovation project can directly support the strategic plans of Smith Consulting Services and with this strategic alignment occurs that can improve the business to achieve next level of maturity (Baden Haefliger, 2013). Plan Goals/Objectives Relationship to Project 2017 Strategic Plan for Innovation Management and managing information To improve information management along with record keeping This project will allow for real-time information and data entry, increased information accuracy, and a consolidated repository for all payroll and administrative data 2017 Innovation Plan for Information Management Utilization of the new technology so that the company missions can be supported Technological advancement will allow the different payroll as well as administrative functions to be automated by the reduction of staff required for systems management 2017 Innovation Plan for Human Capital To engage the employees along with improving employee retention It will allow the employees to actively participate in innovation management in terms of payroll along with administrative elections Cost Benefit Analysis Action Action Type Description First year costs Purchase Web-based product and licenses Cost Initial investment for the innovation project $400,000 Software installation along with training Cost Installation of new software and cost for the training group $100,000 Reduction of HR as well as payroll staff to 5 employees Savings Reduction in the overhead costs that is equal to the annual salary of 3 Human Resource specialists along with the two payroll analysts. $183,495 Managers no longer required to work non-billable payroll and administrative tasks Savings 18 regional managers are working currently with an average of 16 hours each week that shows non-billable time. Reduction of the number to not over 2 hours each week can save up to ($36.00 x 14 hours/wk reduced non-billable time x 18 managers) which is around $9072 that can added to the weekly revenue. $471,744 System maintenance in each of the 6 months rather than every month Savings Reduction in frequent utilization of IT resources while working on the non-value added tasks resulting in $42,000 savings. $42,000 10% reduction of employee turnover Savings By out-processing the exiting employee as well as by recruiting, hiring, and training new employees, savings up to $50,000. $50,000 Net Savings $247,239 Alternative Analysis No Project (Status Quo) Reasons For Not Selecting the Alternative Innovation Strategies Keeping the mainframe legacy system in the right place Pointless expenditure due to the increased staffing levels Continued occurrence of greater data errors Poor and inconvenient as well as untimely reporting Lack of automation Alternative Option Reasons For Not Selecting The Alternative Innovation Strategies Outsourcing the implementation related to a web-based platform Extensively higher cost Expertise is already there in house Lack of familiarity in case of salesperson with the internal requirements Alternative Option Reasons For Not Selecting The Alternative Innovation Strategies Develop software internally Lack of qualified resources Major costs linked with software design Timeframe needed is much longer Approvals The approval of the president and Executive VP is necessary here and after they sign the business case, the new innovative project can be implemented in different locations where Smith Consulting Services currently perform its operations. 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