Comparing Joyce’s Ulysses and T.S. Eliot’s Love Song of...

Comparing Joyce’s Ulysses and T.S. Eliot’s Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock In Episode 8 of Ulysses, Joyce sends Bloom and the reader through a gauntlet of food that enlarges one of the novel ¹s main linguistic strategies, that of gradual digestion. While Episode 10 may seem like a more appropriate choice for a spatial representation of the city, this episode maps digestion out like Bloom wanders the streets of Dublin, with thoughts entering foremost through the body and exiting them. In T.S. Eliot ¹s poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the stanzas deescalate the city from skyline to sea-bottom in accordance with the mock-hero ¹s own inability digest thoroughly any complete thought all the way through. Bloom describes the†¦show more content†¦Consider plump, which starts the novel off ambiguously. Stately plump Buck Mulligan came from the stairhead can be read with plump as an adjective for rotund or as a sudden or abrupt fall or sinking down (OED, 10.2), and eventually comes to stand for another of its 10 meanings prescribed by the OED, cluster, bunch, clump (OED, 1). This kind of word-digestion finds its spatial form in the blind stripling Bloom helps cross the street. The stripling is initially delineated by his relationship to food: Stains on his coat. Slobbers his food, I suppose. Tastes all different for him. Have to be spoonfed first. Like a child ¹s hand, his hand. Like Milly ¹s was. Sensitive. Sizing me up I daresay from my hand (148). The stripling ¹s sensitivity to food, his loss of dexterity compensated for by his other senses, makes him more aware of Bloom in other ways: Sense of smell must be stronger too. Smells on all sides, bunched together. Each street different smell (149). The stripling digests places differently; he must cautiously approach each one as if it were new, a piece of meat dangling precariously off his fork he must safeguard. His sense of space is circumscribed visually but takes on a different, imaginative form: See things in their forehead perhaps: kind of sense of volume. Weight or size of it, something blac ker than the dark. Wonder would he feel it if something was removed.

Descartes s Theory Of Knowledge - 1834 Words

Descartes theorized that in order to acquire knowledge, there essentially is some rational technique for attaining it, and that the expenditure of the senses, or any other individual capability was not a dependable basis. In his third meditation he says, â€Å"I know that even bodies are not perceived by the senses, or by the faculty of imagination, but by the intellect alone (69). As a rationalist Descartes supposed that this withstood identically for everyone, that all people have rational learned concepts. He assumed that knowledge of external things was a result of only the cognizance, and not the senses. Descartes also anticipated that the entire universe was scientifically logical, and that everything could be comprehended by deduction.†¦show more content†¦The terms self and substance in Hume s view could refer to something only if they are meaningful. Such terms can be meaningful only if the ideas associated with them were derived from sensation. Hume s theory of m eaning therefore emphasizes the fact that the person exists not in terms of substance, but rather in terms of ideas that are derived from the senses. Man experienced the world through sensations generated by his physical existence. Hume s position is quite simply that persons consist of mind and body, the distinction between experience and the world to which it refers. While Descartes is truthful in his statement that the senses deceive us in some circumstances, his wide-ranging skepticism about the senses is not justified. In order to make his case, Descartes presented the example of the stick appearing to be deformed by the water in which he has found that his senses had in fact deceived him. To be vindicated in claiming that the senses deceive, a person would be required to be capable of recognizing when an error of the senses has taken place. In other words, the person would need to be able to differentiate amongst being erroneous and being accurate. For example, a person woul d need to know that the sticks appearance was an optical illusion and therefore what is seen is not what is actually there. However, in knowing this, a person is able to perceive the deception and thus avoid the error in senses. Descartes, in arguing

International Relations Theories for Liberalism -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Relations Theories for Liberalism. Answer: International Relations Theories are sets of ideas, which explain how the international system works. They are backed up with evidence and most are because nations act in accordance with their national interest or that of a particular state (Baylis, Owens Smith 2017). Two or more nations can have similar interests. Nations, which have national interests that are opposing, can resolve this either through negotiation or through war. The major international relations theories are realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, environmentalism and feminism. Realism theory states that a nation is the primary unit of analysis. The power of the nation is viewed in military terms and the power of other nations presents danger to the state (Gilpin 2016). It is also characterized by a belief that international politics is tragic and a normal system of ethics may not be able to change a system laced with competition and hostilities. Liberalism is characterized by viewing of a state as a unit of analysis but makes an inclusion of international law, international organizations and NGOs as key factors in global politics. Those who believe in liberalism usually reject realist presumptions and view them as having a potential for mutual gain. Liberalism states that peaceful and cohesive international behaviors are desirable and possible. Constructivism states that most of the phenomenons in global politics are in place due to social action. It considers identities and norms to be the central elements of global politics. Realist constructivists look at social and political realities as not socially (Adler 2013) determined but are the accomplishments of a people for example the state, academics or experts. Liberal constructivists emphasize less on actions and place an emphasis on ideas and norms, which are held in peoples minds. Feminism comes in various forms and concentrates on the lives of women and sources of gender roles and gender politics. The emphasis is that the way females approach human interactions are not given an equitable platform in social analysis and practice (Shepherd 2014). Apart from seeking to explain historical to current day happenings, it seeks to bring changes in politics, economics and social interactions. Marxism is based on the economic theory, which came up from Karl Marxs thoughts. Karl Max did writings about how economics and economic power are used in international systems (Gilpin 2016). This theory was a reaction to liberal theories. Environmentalism speaks about how countries implement environmental solutions. Some countries however, follow laws, which suit their nations and ignore the ones that do not affect them. Environmental issues must however be looked at in the national and international levels. All humans have a responsibility towards how they take care of the environment and all living things (Weber 2013). The solution to a number of environmental problems starts with individual responsibility. Endless environmental damage has occurred in the past few decades. Many countries around the world have now realized the importance of environmental relations in global politics. Out of all the theories, liberalism offers an understanding of various issues in international relations. It helps us to understand the role of any nation in international relations. A state, which is liberal, ensures that there are good relations with neighboring countries and other countries within the globe. Liberal states also ensure that they follow international law and take into consideration the opinions various international organisations and non-governmental bodies in whatever they do. The role of the United Nations in International relations is also defined by the liberalism theory. In a liberalist environment or state, bodies like the United Nations are taken seriously and such countries implement any laws and regulations, which have been set up by this body. The United Nations plays a key role in international relations, as it has been key in conflict resolution between nations and in solving human rights issues (Light Groom 2016). The United Nations always strives to ensure that both individuals and nations co-exist peacefully. They also come up with different regulations that are in the best interest of a State, for example sustainability rules for businesses. The global economy is affected by the kind of international relations between nations. Liberalist nations ensure that they set rules, which are favorable for global trade so that economies can thrive. More trade is carried out when countries have mutual understanding and this leads to stronger economies which overall strengthens the global economy (Weber 2013). Good relations in a liberalist state lead to peaceful environment, which is highly conducive for business. Liberalist theory assists us to understand how norms can affect a country. In a state, which practices liberalization, norms are there not to harm anyone but to build a country. Such nations have put in place norms, which will not be considered as offensive to their neighboring countries hence fostering good relations (Gilpin 2016). In a liberalist state, individuals take responsibility for their actions and for their environment. They are aware of the importance of taking care of the environment and take responsibility in ethically handling the environment around them. They consider all the rules and regulations, which have been set up and ensure that they implement this in their home countries (Weber 2013). Due to this, other countries borrow a leaf and it enhances good relations, as people are more comfortable purchasing goods, which they know were manufactured in a sustainable manner. Liberalist nations strive to ensure that the inequality gap is reduced as much as possible. They look at issues facing gender and ensure that they give equal opportunities to both women and men (Light Groom 2016). This enhances good international relations as other countries are sure that incase their citizens go to work in such countries then they are safe and are treated fairly. Nations should try to adopt theories, which are fair and will ensure that their citizens get the best. International relations are key and countries cannot live without it. They should however strive to maintain positive international relations at all times. References Adler, E., 2013. Constructivism in international relations: sources, contributions, and debates.Handbook of international relations,2, pp.112-144. Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Gilpin, R., 2016.The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Light, M. and Groom, A.J.R. eds., 2016.International relations: A handbook of current theory. Bloomsbury Publishing. Shepherd, L.J. ed., 2014.Gender matters in global politics: a feminist introduction to international relations. Routledge. Weber, C., 2013.International relations theory: a critical introduction. Routledge.

Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Example

Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Rivalry among existing competitors In foods and beverages industry, the average level of profitability is primarily influenced by the rivalry among existing competitors already in the industry. Companies falling into this sector include Cadbury Plc. , Coco-Cola, Heinz, Hershey, Kellogg, Pepsi Co. , Starbucks, and etc. It is characterised by strong competition and the existing firms constant seek to increase their competitiveness and market share (Hathaway et al. 006). To increase sales, Firms always need to offer new and innovative products to meet the changing consumer needs which have recently become more health conscious (KPMG, 2012b). Besides that, restructuring processes by eliminating unprofitable products and focusing on value added products have been seen across the company (KPMG, 2012b). However, the highly competitive market has put a lot of pressure to Kraft and limits its profit potential.Kraft realised that they cannot fully compete with price and the way that they can d o to increase and maintain their market share is through brand loyalty, diversification and increase product volume (Hathaway et al. 2006). 4. 3. 1. 2 Threat of new entrants The foods and beverages industry has already experienced in a large scale consolidation and move into the mature stage. It is difficult to enter the market with existing firms have already developed within the industry. They have established brand name awareness and earned high levels of customer loyalties.The threat of new entrants is very low and they may find it difficult to compete within this large economy of scale (Hathaway et al. 2006). Even if new comers were able to enter, they might not able to overcome and acquire large market share because they might need to offer superior quality products at low price to compete with Kraft. Also, starting a food and beverage company can be a daunting task with the high start-up costs and fixed costs such as costs of production, distribution networks, and packaging f acilities. ? 4. 3. 1. Threat of substitute products or services The foods and beverages industry has a significant high threat of substitute products (Hathaway et al. 2006). Private label products, also known as store brands have created a severe threat to industry and firms profitability (Hathaway et al. 2006). These threats exist because of the price difference between brand name products and private label products. For example, consumers might consider Great Value macaroni and cheese instead of Kraft macaroni and cheese because they will go for a cheaper alternative.However, some consumers who are willing to pay more will choose Kraft because of the good quality taste. In 2005, US supermarkets overall sales were driven by 16. 1% increase in private label products (Food Industry Review, 2006). This is only expected to increase as the quality of private label products has been approved by consumers. Besides that, another reason is because the consumers purchasing power have reduced during economic slowdown which caused them to go for cheaper products. Since these goods are elastic, a small increase in price will cause a bigger fall in demand.Therefore, this limits Kraft’s profit because these substitutes prevent Kraft to charge a higher price. 4. 3. 1. 4 Bargaining power of suppliers In general, companies that package their products to market normally create more value-added products then the agricultural industry. Therefore, the margins of firms in the foods and beverages industry should be stay relatively consistent. Raw materials for the industry have many substitutes available and the prices are market determined, so it is difficult for suppliers to compete and gain power (Hathaway et al. 2006).However, the highly unstable prices in commodities market have put a lot of pressure to the industry. Firm’s sales will be hit hard from the impact of rising prices of oil, grain, wheat, nuts and sugar in recent years (Kollewe, 2010). For Kraft, the p rices of sugar, cheese, cocoa and coffee represent a larger share of total production cost and will be add between $700 million to $800 million in business future expense (Kavilanz, 2011). Thus, although suppliers have very little bargaining power in setting prices, rising commodity prices is the major concern for both Kraft and consumers. . 3. 1. 5 Bargaining power of buyers In the current market, strong buyers can possibly extract the profitability earned in the industry by lowering the costs. Although Kraft increased prices on many of its products in the past few years because of higher raw material costs (Skidmore, 2011), but competition make it difficult to charge higher prices for their goods. In US foods and beverages industry, one of the main reasons for the increased loss in profitability is the increasing trend towards retail trade consolidation (Kraft Foods Inc, 2003).For most companies, Wal-Mart would be their largest account (Hathaway et al. 2006). Figure 9 shows where consumers are most frequently buy their goods. So, it can be said that retail business has tremendous power over its suppliers and can purchase goods as low price as possible. In 2001, grocery, candy and tobacco sales amounted to 22% of Wal-Mart’s total revenues (Grant, 2008) and were up to 30% in 2006 (Petrecca, 2011). Therefore, Kraft faces greater pressure from retail trade customers as it poses serious threat to its success and profitability. Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Example Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Rivalry among existing competitors In foods and beverages industry, the average level of profitability is primarily influenced by the rivalry among existing competitors already in the industry. Companies falling into this sector include Cadbury Plc. , Coco-Cola, Heinz, Hershey, Kellogg, Pepsi Co. , Starbucks, and etc. It is characterised by strong competition and the existing firms constant seek to increase their competitiveness and market share (Hathaway et al. 006). To increase sales, Firms always need to offer new and innovative products to meet the changing consumer needs which have recently become more health conscious (KPMG, 2012b). Besides that, restructuring processes by eliminating unprofitable products and focusing on value added products have been seen across the company (KPMG, 2012b). However, the highly competitive market has put a lot of pressure to Kraft and limits its profit potential.Kraft realised that they cannot fully compete with price and the way that they can d o to increase and maintain their market share is through brand loyalty, diversification and increase product volume (Hathaway et al. 2006). 4. 3. 1. 2 Threat of new entrants The foods and beverages industry has already experienced in a large scale consolidation and move into the mature stage. It is difficult to enter the market with existing firms have already developed within the industry. They have established brand name awareness and earned high levels of customer loyalties.The threat of new entrants is very low and they may find it difficult to compete within this large economy of scale (Hathaway et al. 2006). Even if new comers were able to enter, they might not able to overcome and acquire large market share because they might need to offer superior quality products at low price to compete with Kraft. Also, starting a food and beverage company can be a daunting task with the high start-up costs and fixed costs such as costs of production, distribution networks, and packaging f acilities. ? 4. 3. 1. Threat of substitute products or services The foods and beverages industry has a significant high threat of substitute products (Hathaway et al. 2006). Private label products, also known as store brands have created a severe threat to industry and firms profitability (Hathaway et al. 2006). These threats exist because of the price difference between brand name products and private label products. For example, consumers might consider Great Value macaroni and cheese instead of Kraft macaroni and cheese because they will go for a cheaper alternative.However, some consumers who are willing to pay more will choose Kraft because of the good quality taste. In 2005, US supermarkets overall sales were driven by 16. 1% increase in private label products (Food Industry Review, 2006). This is only expected to increase as the quality of private label products has been approved by consumers. Besides that, another reason is because the consumers purchasing power have reduced during economic slowdown which caused them to go for cheaper products. Since these goods are elastic, a small increase in price will cause a bigger fall in demand.Therefore, this limits Kraft’s profit because these substitutes prevent Kraft to charge a higher price. 4. 3. 1. 4 Bargaining power of suppliers In general, companies that package their products to market normally create more value-added products then the agricultural industry. Therefore, the margins of firms in the foods and beverages industry should be stay relatively consistent. Raw materials for the industry have many substitutes available and the prices are market determined, so it is difficult for suppliers to compete and gain power (Hathaway et al. 2006).However, the highly unstable prices in commodities market have put a lot of pressure to the industry. Firm’s sales will be hit hard from the impact of rising prices of oil, grain, wheat, nuts and sugar in recent years (Kollewe, 2010). For Kraft, the p rices of sugar, cheese, cocoa and coffee represent a larger share of total production cost and will be add between $700 million to $800 million in business future expense (Kavilanz, 2011). Thus, although suppliers have very little bargaining power in setting prices, rising commodity prices is the major concern for both Kraft and consumers. . 3. 1. 5 Bargaining power of buyers In the current market, strong buyers can possibly extract the profitability earned in the industry by lowering the costs. Although Kraft increased prices on many of its products in the past few years because of higher raw material costs (Skidmore, 2011), but competition make it difficult to charge higher prices for their goods. In US foods and beverages industry, one of the main reasons for the increased loss in profitability is the increasing trend towards retail trade consolidation (Kraft Foods Inc, 2003).For most companies, Wal-Mart would be their largest account (Hathaway et al. 2006). Figure 9 shows where consumers are most frequently buy their goods. So, it can be said that retail business has tremendous power over its suppliers and can purchase goods as low price as possible. In 2001, grocery, candy and tobacco sales amounted to 22% of Wal-Mart’s total revenues (Grant, 2008) and were up to 30% in 2006 (Petrecca, 2011). Therefore, Kraft faces greater pressure from retail trade customers as it poses serious threat to its success and profitability. Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Example Kraft Foods Porter Five Forces Essay Rivalry among existing competitors In foods and beverages industry, the average level of profitability is primarily influenced by the rivalry among existing competitors already in the industry. Companies falling into this sector include Cadbury Plc. , Coco-Cola, Heinz, Hershey, Kellogg, Pepsi Co. , Starbucks, and etc. It is characterised by strong competition and the existing firms constant seek to increase their competitiveness and market share (Hathaway et al. 006). To increase sales, Firms always need to offer new and innovative products to meet the changing consumer needs which have recently become more health conscious (KPMG, 2012b). Besides that, restructuring processes by eliminating unprofitable products and focusing on value added products have been seen across the company (KPMG, 2012b). However, the highly competitive market has put a lot of pressure to Kraft and limits its profit potential.Kraft realised that they cannot fully compete with price and the way that they can d o to increase and maintain their market share is through brand loyalty, diversification and increase product volume (Hathaway et al. 2006). 4. 3. 1. 2 Threat of new entrants The foods and beverages industry has already experienced in a large scale consolidation and move into the mature stage. It is difficult to enter the market with existing firms have already developed within the industry. They have established brand name awareness and earned high levels of customer loyalties.The threat of new entrants is very low and they may find it difficult to compete within this large economy of scale (Hathaway et al. 2006). Even if new comers were able to enter, they might not able to overcome and acquire large market share because they might need to offer superior quality products at low price to compete with Kraft. Also, starting a food and beverage company can be a daunting task with the high start-up costs and fixed costs such as costs of production, distribution networks, and packaging f acilities. ? 4. 3. 1. Threat of substitute products or services The foods and beverages industry has a significant high threat of substitute products (Hathaway et al. 2006). Private label products, also known as store brands have created a severe threat to industry and firms profitability (Hathaway et al. 2006). These threats exist because of the price difference between brand name products and private label products. For example, consumers might consider Great Value macaroni and cheese instead of Kraft macaroni and cheese because they will go for a cheaper alternative.However, some consumers who are willing to pay more will choose Kraft because of the good quality taste. In 2005, US supermarkets overall sales were driven by 16. 1% increase in private label products (Food Industry Review, 2006). This is only expected to increase as the quality of private label products has been approved by consumers. Besides that, another reason is because the consumers purchasing power have reduced during economic slowdown which caused them to go for cheaper products. Since these goods are elastic, a small increase in price will cause a bigger fall in demand.Therefore, this limits Kraft’s profit because these substitutes prevent Kraft to charge a higher price. 4. 3. 1. 4 Bargaining power of suppliers In general, companies that package their products to market normally create more value-added products then the agricultural industry. Therefore, the margins of firms in the foods and beverages industry should be stay relatively consistent. Raw materials for the industry have many substitutes available and the prices are market determined, so it is difficult for suppliers to compete and gain power (Hathaway et al. 2006).However, the highly unstable prices in commodities market have put a lot of pressure to the industry. Firm’s sales will be hit hard from the impact of rising prices of oil, grain, wheat, nuts and sugar in recent years (Kollewe, 2010). For Kraft, the p rices of sugar, cheese, cocoa and coffee represent a larger share of total production cost and will be add between $700 million to $800 million in business future expense (Kavilanz, 2011). Thus, although suppliers have very little bargaining power in setting prices, rising commodity prices is the major concern for both Kraft and consumers. . 3. 1. 5 Bargaining power of buyers In the current market, strong buyers can possibly extract the profitability earned in the industry by lowering the costs. Although Kraft increased prices on many of its products in the past few years because of higher raw material costs (Skidmore, 2011), but competition make it difficult to charge higher prices for their goods. In US foods and beverages industry, one of the main reasons for the increased loss in profitability is the increasing trend towards retail trade consolidation (Kraft Foods Inc, 2003).For most companies, Wal-Mart would be their largest account (Hathaway et al. 2006). Figure 9 shows where consumers are most frequently buy their goods. So, it can be said that retail business has tremendous power over its suppliers and can purchase goods as low price as possible. In 2001, grocery, candy and tobacco sales amounted to 22% of Wal-Mart’s total revenues (Grant, 2008) and were up to 30% in 2006 (Petrecca, 2011). Therefore, Kraft faces greater pressure from retail trade customers as it poses serious threat to its success and profitability.